Income investors have had a tough decade, initially as a result of quantitative easing boosting growth equities and pushing bond yields lower, creating a situation where investors often had to choose between income and capital gains. 

Then came the pandemic and its economic aftermath, with inflation rising rapidly and the real value of the income derived from investments falling. That presented a new challenge for advisers and their clients, which was further exacerbated by falling bond and equity markets.

Meanwhile, longer lifespans mean the amount of time clients spend in decumulation is longer, which may alter the long-term portfolio construction methods used for clients building multi-asset portfolios for retirement. 

All of this and more is discussed in this guide, which is eligible for 60 minutes of CPD.